Definitions - in compliance with Title IX, NYS Article 129B and the Clery Act
Accused means a person accused of a violation who has not yet entered an institution’s judicial or conduct process.
Admission means selection for part-time, full-time, special, associate, transfer, exchange, or any other enrollment, membership, or matriculation in or at an Education Program or Activity operated by SUNY Oswego.
Bystander means a person who observes a crime, impending crime, conflict, potentially violent or violent behavior, or conduct that is in violation of the rules or policies of an institution.
Code of conduct means the written policies adopted by an institution governing student behavior, rights, and responsibilities while such student is matriculated in the institution.
Consent (affirmative consent) means a knowing, voluntary, and mutual decision among all participants to engage in sexual activity. Consent can be given by words or actions, as long as those words or actions create clear permission regarding willingness to engage in the sexual activity. Silence or lack of resistance, in and of itself, does not demonstrate Consent. The definition of Consent does not vary based upon a participant’s sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression. Consent to any sexual act or prior consensual sexual activity between or with any Party does not necessarily constitute Consent to any other sexual act. Consent is required regardless of whether the person initiating the act is under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol. Consent may be initially given but withdrawn at any time. Consent cannot be given when a person is incapacitated. Incapacitation occurs when an individual lacks the ability to knowingly choose to participate in sexual activity. Incapacitation may be caused by the lack of consciousness or being asleep, being involuntarily restrained, or if an individual otherwise cannot Consent. Depending on the degree of intoxication, someone who is under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or other intoxicants may be incapacitated and therefore unable to Consent. Consent cannot be given when it is the result of any coercion, intimidation, force, or threat of harm. When Consent is withdrawn or can no longer be given, sexual activity must stop. “Consent” and “affirmative consent” may be used interchangeably under this Grievance Procedure.
Complainant means:
(1) a student or employee who is alleged to have been subjected to conduct that could constitute Sex-Based Harassment as defined in these procedures and who was participating or attempting to participate in SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity; or
(2) a person other than a student or employee who is alleged to have been subjected to conduct that could constitute Sex-Based Harassment under this grievance procedure and who was participating or attempting to participate in SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity at the time of the alleged Sex-Based Harassment.
A Complainant may also be referred to as a Reporting Individual in this Grievance Procedure, in alignment with New York State Education Law Article 129-B.
Complaint means an oral or written request to SUNY Oswego that objectively can be understood as a request for SUNY Oswego to investigate and make a determination about alleged Sex-Based Harassment at the institution.
Confidential Employee means:
(1) an employee of SUNY Oswego whose communications are privileged under Federal or State law. The employee’s confidential status is only with respect to information received while the employee is functioning within the scope of their duties to which privilege or confidentiality applies;
(2) an employee of SUNY Oswego whom the recipient has designated as confidential for the purpose of providing services to persons related to Sex-Based Harassment. If the employee also has a duty not associated with providing those services, the employee’s confidential status is only with respect to information received about Sex-Based Harassment in connection with providing those services; or
(3) an employee of SUNY Oswego who is conducting an Institutional Review Board-approved human-subjects research study designed to gather information about Sex-Based Harassment. The employee’s confidential status is only with respect to information received while conducting the study.
Disciplinary Sanctions means consequences imposed on a Respondent following a determination under this grievance procedure that the Respondent violated SUNY Oswego’s prohibition Sex-Based Harassment.
Education Program or Activity means any academic, extracurricular, research, occupational training or other Education Program or Activity operated by SUNY Oswego that receives Federal financial assistance.
Party means Complainant or Respondent.
Peer Retaliation means Retaliation by a Student against another Student.
Relevant means related to the allegations of Sex-Based Harassment under investigation as part of this Grievance Procedure. Questions are Relevant when they seek evidence that may aid in showing whether the alleged Sex-Based Harassment occurred, and evidence is Relevant when it may aid a decisionmaker in determining whether the alleged Sex-Based Harassment occurred.
Remedies means measures provided, as appropriate, to a Complainant or any other person SUNY Oswego identifies as having had their equal access to SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity limited or denied by Sex-Based Harassment. These measures are provided to restore or preserve that person’s access to SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity after SUNY Oswego determines that Sex-Based Harassment occurred.
Respondent means a person who is alleged to have violated SUNY Oswego’s prohibition on Sex-Based Harassment.
Retaliation means intimidation, threats, coercion, or discrimination by any person by SUNY Oswego, a Student, or an employee or other person authorized by SUNY Oswego to provide aid, benefit, or service under SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity, for the purpose of interfering with any right or privileged secured by Title IX, or because the person has reported information, made a complaint, testified, assisted or participated or refused to participate in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this grievance procedure.
Sex-Based Harassment means sexual harassment and other harassment on the basis of sex, including harassment because of gender identity, sexual orientation, sex characteristics, sex stereotypes, and/or pregnancy and other conditions, that is:
(1) Quid pro quo harassment. An employee, agent or other person authorized by SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity explicitly or impliedly conditioning the provision of such an aid, benefit, or service on a person’s participation in unwelcome sexual conduct;
(2) Hostile Environment harassment. Unwelcome sex-based conduct that, based on the totality of the circumstances, is subjectively and objectively offensive and is so severe or pervasive that it limits or denies a person’s ability to participate in or benefit from SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity (i.e., creates a hostile environment). Whether a hostile environment has been created is a fact-specific inquiry that includes consideration of the following: (i) the degree to which the conduct affected the Complainant’s ability to access SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity; (ii)the type, frequency, and duration of the conduct; (iii)the Parties’ ages, roles within SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity, previous interactions and other factors about each Party that may be Relevant to evaluating the effects of the conduct; (iv)the location of the conduct and the context in which the conduct occurred; and (v)other Sex-Based Harassment in SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity;
(3) Sexual Assault (as defined in the Clery Act, 20 U.S.C. 1092(f)) means any sexual act directed against another person, without the Consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving Consent;
(4) Dating Violence (as defined in the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Reauthorization of 2022 and the VAWA Amendments to the Clery Act) means any violence committed by a person: (A) who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim; and (B) where the existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of the following factors: (i) the length of the relationship; (ii) the type of relationship; and (iii) the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.
(5) Domestic Violence means any felony or misdemeanor crimes committed by a person who: (A) is a current or former partner of the victim under the family or domestic violence laws of New York, or a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim; (B) is cohabitating, or has cohabitated, with the victim as a spouse or intimate partner; (C) shared a child in common with the victim; or (D) commits acts against a youth or adult victim who is protected from those acts under the family or domestic violence laws of New York; or
(6) Stalking means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to: (A) fear for the person’s safety or the safety of others; or (B) suffer substantial emotional distress.
Student means a person who has gained Admission.
Supportive Measures means individualized measures offered as appropriate, as reasonably available, without unreasonably burdening a Complainant or Respondent, not for punitive or disciplinary reasons, and without fee or charge to the Complainant or Respondent to: (1) restore or preserve that Party’s access to SUNY Oswego’s Education Program or Activity, including measured that are designed to protect the safety of the Parties or SUNY Oswego’s educational environment; or (2) provide support during SUNY Oswego’s grievance procedures for Sex-Based Harassment.
Questions? Email Title IX Coordinator: [email protected]
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